HONOLULU—Hawaiian researchers examined the influence of dietary fiber, magnesium (Mg) and glycemic load (GL) on diabetes, finding protection against diabetes can be achieved through food choices after taking into account body weight, but, due to differences in commonly consumed foods, risk estimates may differ by ethnic group (J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):68-74). The 75,512 Caucasian, Japanese American and Native Hawaiian participants aged 45 to 75 years at baseline completed a FFQ. After 14 years of follow-up, 8,587 incident diabetes cases were identified through self-reports and health plans. When comparing extreme quintiles, total fiber intake was associated with reduced diabetes risk among all men. High intake of grain fiber reduced diabetes risk significantly by 10 percent in men and women. High-vegetable fiber intake lowered risk by 22 percent in all men but not women. Mg intake reduced risk, which may explain the protective effect of fiber. The top GL quintile was associated with a significantly elevated diabetes incidence in Caucasian men and in all women except Japanese Americans. Overall, several associations were more pronounced in Caucasians than in the other groups.