Dark, puffy circles can affect the young and old, regardless of sex, according to an article from LiveStrong. Those dark circles are actually the result of the discoloration and fluid retention in the capillaries, which happens when they leak red blood cells and the hemoglobin is oxidized. The leaky capillaries not only release the hemoglobin, but cause the associated edema, which are both apparent through the thin skin around the eyes.
There are many causes for leaky capillaries, including circulatory dysfunction and nutrition deficiency. A lack of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene, is one cause; the antioxidants can block oxidative damage caused by free radicals and help eliminate the waste products that cause dark circles. Further, a lack of iron could be to blame, as red blood cells that don’t have enough iron cannot attach to oxygen, causing a bluish appearance. In addition, consuming too much sodium can cause water retention throughout the body, including under the eyes.
Consumers should be encouraged to consume a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables such as leafy greens, reddish fruits and nuts to obtain adequate antioxidant vitamins. Iron can be found in those dark leafy greens as well as lean red meat and iron-fortified whole grains. Finally, cut back on sodium intake by eating more whole foods and fewer processed items.